Reducing Fungicidal Spray Frequency for Major Apple Diseases by Increasing the Spray Interval from 15 to 25 days

Reducing Spray Drift

Spray drift is the movement of a pesticide through the air, during or after application, to a site other than the intended target. Drift is considered to be the most challenging problem facing applicators and pesticide manufacturers. Although drift may occur as vaporized active pesticide from the application site, it is usually the physical movement of very small drops from the target area at t...

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Spray Mix Adjuvants for Spray Drift Mitigation

Numerous drift reduction adjuvants and spray deposition aids are available to applicators of crop production and protection chemicals. Performance of many of the newly introduced drift control adjuvants has not been well documented for aerial application. Since there are no product labeling or efficacy regulations for these adjuvants, applicators must rely on experience or information in the te...

reducing the 2, 4 d+mcpa antagonism from hard spray waters by ammonium sulfate

introduction: water is the main carrier of herbicides (hc) that its quality plays an important role in herbicide performance hard water has a high concentration of ca++ and mg++ and reviews have shown that calcium, manganese and zinc are the main factors reducing the effectiveness of weak acid herbicides. weak acid herbicides such as glyphosate, paraquat, clethodim and 2, 4 d are compounds that...

The Report of Suicide by Ingestion of Lidocaine Topical Spray

Background: Lidocaine is a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agent. There are reports on accidental and intentional cases of poisoning following injection of lidocaine while rare are the fatal cases realized after oral ingestion of lidocaine. Suicidal poisoning with lidocaine pharmaceutical formulations is rare since no pharmaceutical dosage forms for oral use are available except gels and sp...